Showing posts with label billion. Show all posts
Showing posts with label billion. Show all posts
Thursday, March 23, 2017
ARMs 31 billion takeover shows that information is king
ARMs 31 billion takeover shows that information is king
SoftBank is getting a bargain
ARM Holdings, a chip design firm that doesnÕt manufacture or sell any chips, has just been bought by SoftBank for a cool $31.4 billion. ThatÕs four times as much as Microsoft paid for Nokia, close to three times GoogleÕs expenditure on Motorola, and an order of magnitude more than Palm cost HP. We think of these other companies as the authors of the mobile world weÕre living in, but itÕs ARMÕs invisible contribution that has proven more influential Ñ and now a lot more valuable Ñ than all of them.
The smartphone revolution of this century might as well be called the ARM takeover. Practically every single phone, tablet, and smartwatch out in the world today runs on a processor using the ARM architecture Ñ which means licensing ARMÕs designs and paying royalties for every chip sold. Yes, that includes iPhones, Galaxys, BlackBerrys, Droids, and Lumias: all but the most loyal of Intel acolytes are manufacturing ARM-powered mobile devices. ARMÕs portfolio extends beyond mobile processors to include graphics, wireless, and server chips along with physical design blueprints and software development tools. Simply put, if you want to build a mobile device of any kind, youÕll have to deal with ARM.
ARM IS AN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POWERHOUSE
ARMÕs product is information. The company spends its time and money on R&D, which it converts into successive generations of new mobile processor core and system designs. Its hardware partners would love to be able to build everything themselves, but ARMÕs depth and breadth of expertise is such that itÕs more efficient to license rather than compete with its technology. With more than 4,500 granted or pending patents, ARM is an intellectual property powerhouse Ñ like a patent troll that isnÕt actually trolling, it just develops smart production methods and designs and sells them.
An oft-cited aphorism from Tom Goodwin last year identified one of the prevailing trends of modern tech:
"Uber, the worldÕs largest taxi company, owns no vehicles. Facebook, the worldÕs most popular media owner, creates no content. Alibaba, the most valuable retailer, has no inventory. And Airbnb, the worldÕs largest accommodation provider, owns no real estate. Something interesting is happening."
The "something interesting" is happening behind the scenes of the tech world too. ARM is another of these prospering companies whose profits keep improving even in the absence of any tangible, physical assets. It isnÕt chasing consumers directly, but itÕs just as much a trader in information as Facebook, Uber, and Airbnb are. Consumers recompense ARM via the intermediary of a hardware-manufacturing partner, but the core mechanics are still the same: obtain valuable information, secure your control over it, sell it to a willing purchaser, and profit.
ARMs Holdings
ItÕs a simple formula that should be extremely familiar by now. Data and software might have high initial acquisition or production costs, but once you have them, the marginal cost of producing another unit to sell or license is zero. ARM has carved out its niche by continuously being ahead of the competition, nullifying IntelÕs Sisyphean efforts to break through into mobile, and developing a wide network of satisfied licensees.
The headline reason for SoftBankÕs acquisition of ARM today is the latter companyÕs instrumental role in developing the future Internet of Things. The pair have even set up a website dedicated to the deal, where they explain their rationale and talk up plans for world domination thatÕs even greater than the 90 billion ARM chips already out there. But the IoT future isnÕt here yet, and a seasoned investor like SoftBank CEO Masayoshi Son doesnÕt spend $31 billion purely on potential. He sees that ARM is an already profitable company with comparatively negligible expenses, he recognizes the massive discountthat BrexitÕs impact on the British pound has created, and he knows ARMÕs influence is far greater than its size. It just makes good business sense, especially at a time when debt is cheap to sustain and cash is more of a burden than an asset.
THE INFORMATION AGE IS DEFINED BY COMPANIES LIKE ARM, WHOSE ASSETS ARE INTANGIBLE
To casual observers, the idea of a company with no brand recognition Ñ anonymous to all but the geeky spec sheet explorers Ñ meriting an 11-figure price will seem absurd. But just like the more consumer-facing acquisitions of WhatsApp by Facebook and LinkedIn by Microsoft, this is a big investment into the information economy.
As much as hardware companies like Apple and Samsung might dominate news coverage and peopleÕs wish lists, itÕs the software and service providers that load those devices up and make them truly desirable. In ARMÕs case, its information provides the blueprint and architecture atop which everything is built. Hardware manufacturers may come and go, but the one essential and irreplaceable aspect of modern mobile computing is ARMÕs portfolio of intellectual property. ThatÕs where the value is.
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Wednesday, February 8, 2017
AppleÛªs Cook Struck 1 Billion Deal With ChinaÛªs Didi in 22 Days
AppleÛªs Cook Struck 1 Billion Deal With ChinaÛªs Didi in 22 Days
- Apple Invests $1B in Chinas Didi
- DidiÕs tie-up with Apple happened with "lightning speed"
- Tim Cook first met with Didi on April 20 in California
The tie-up between Apple Inc. and Chinese car hailing app Didi started off with a joke.
Didi President Jean Liu said on Friday that talks began less than a month ago when she stopped by to see Tim Cook at Apple headquarters in Cupertino, California. Any company named after a fruit Òcould achieve something big,Ó she jested during the April 20 meeting. DidiÕs legal name, Xiaoju Kuaizhi Inc., means Òlittle orange,Ó she explained.
The $1 billion deal was announced just 22 days later. Liu, a former Goldman Sachs Group Inc. banker, frequently meets with tech executives when she visits the U.S., according to a person familiar with the matter. She didnÕt go into the meeting to ask for capital, but rather to discuss the China market and opportunities for cooperation, the person said.
ÒThe whole deal closed in lightning speed," Liu said. ÒWe were very impressed by Tim. HeÕs an amazing, iconic leader.Ó
ThereÕs much to gain on both sides. Didi, battling with Uber Technologies Inc. for supremacy in China, will get additional capital to expand into new cities, recruit drivers and market to potential customers. The Apple investment will bring the amount Didi is raising in its current round of funding to $3 billion, people familiar with the matter said, declining to be named because the matter is private.
Apple gets a potentially lucrative investment and wins powerful allies in one of its most important markets. Didi is backed by ChinaÕs two largest Internet companies, Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. and Tencent Holdings Ltd. They could help Apple market Apple Pay and other services, as well as giving it experience in transportation as it weighs an entry into automobiles.
Signing Apple as a strategic investor is partly aimed at thwarting investors from putting money into Uber, one of the people said. Didi is targeting a valuation of $26 billion, which would make Didi the fourth-most valuable startup in the world after Uber, Xiaomi Corp. and Airbnb Inc., according to the research firm CB Insights. For a look at five things investors should know about Didi, click here.
Didi has been waging battle with Uber ever since it was created early last year through the merger of startups backed by Tencent and Alibaba. The two sides were engaged in brutal competition with each other and rival apps before deciding to combine, in part to repel the U.S. startup. The combined company, then known as Didi Kuaidi, held a near monopoly on taxi-hailing and a substantial majority of private-car bookings.
In May of last year, Didi announced it would give away 1 billion yuan ($153 million) in free rides, the first salvo in a price war with Uber that would cause both sides to burn through cash. Uber refused to back down. In June, Chief Executive Officer Travis Kalanick wrote a letter to investors, explaining the strategic importance of the market and pledging to invest $1 billion in the market that year alone.
Over the summer, both sides pushed to attract the cash necessary to finance their operations. Uber raised about $1.4 billion for its China operations, including from search giant Baidu Inc. Didi ended up raising about $3 billion from Alibaba, Tencent, JapanÕs SoftBank Corp. and Ping An Insurance (Group) Co.
The tricks havenÕt been limited to price competition. In August, Uber complained it had been blocked from using WeChat, ChinaÕs most popular messaging service. WeChat is owned by Didi investor Tencent.
Didi, meanwhile, recruited allies. In December, it entered into a four-way alliance with ride-sharing services that compete with Uber, including Lyft Inc. in the U.S.
As Liu and her colleagues entered the new year, they seemed determined to deal Uber a knockout blow. Didi began raising another round of money and its executives were clear about their goals.
ÒWe will be the last one standing,Ó Stephen Zhu, vice president of strategy, said in April. ÒWhy is our competitor consistently 20 to 30 percent cheaper but still failing to gain market share? ItÕs because the customer experience is not as good, their network is much less than ours.Ó
Didi was aiming to raise more than $1.5 billion in April, people familiar with the matter said at the time. The target was lifted to about $2 billion earlier this month. Now it is raising $3 billion and gaining a powerful ally, putting enormous pressure on Uber in China as it tries to compete in other markets around the world.
After Liu and CookÕs initial meeting, lieutenants on both sides worked out specifics. "The working team from both Didi and Apple have shown great execution skills, very professional,Ó she said during the conference call on Friday.
Liu, who is also the daughter of the founder of the worldÕs largest personal computer maker Lenovo Group Ltd., said the Chinese startup is now in discussions on working with Apple in sectors including technology, marketing and products. "It feels very natural to work with Apple together because philosophically on a company level we share a lot in common," she said.
The iPhone maker will help Didi build up a ride-sharing platform that already handles more than 11 million rides a day and serves about 300 million users across China. Didi operates in 400 Chinese cities with 14 million registered drivers, offering services from taxis and private cars to social ride sharing and test driving. ÒItÕs only natural that two fruit companies team up,Ó Liu said.
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